Showing posts with label Lupine Publishers group. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Lupine Publishers group. Show all posts

Friday, August 26, 2022

Lupine Publishers|Health Maintenance by Balanced Psyche, Spiritual Life, Hygiene, Endoecology and Ecological Nature

  Lupine Publishers | Journal of Health Research and Reviews


bstract

Purity of the person is guarantee of his health. Spiritual and also mental (sincere), power, physiological and anatomic purity is criterion of health of each person. The hygiene maintains anatomic health. The endoecology maintains physiological health. The natural ecology and physical culture provide power purity. The orthodox psychology helps to provide mental purity. Spiritual life provides spiritual purity. The hygiene and endoecology, physical culture and natural ecology, balanced mentality (quiet mind and quiet heart) and spiritual life are a healthy lifestyle. The healthy lifestyle maintains purity and a healthy condition of the person.

Keywords: Hygiene; Endoecology; Natural ecology; Balanced mentality; Spiritual life; Healthy lifestyle

Introduction

Definition of health by World Health Organization: Health is a condition of full physical, mental and social well-being. Definition of health in the law on health protection: Health is a condition of physical, mental and social wellbeing at which there are no diseases, and disorders of functions of bodies and systems of an organism. The medical reference book describes symptoms more than one thousand diseases. To carry out periodically diagnostics on all possible diseases and frustration of bodies and systems of an organism for all population it is almost impossible, and, therefore, to hold preventive events. The genetic passport of health indicates predisposition to various diseases, as hereditary conditionality under adverse environmental conditions. The word HEALTH in the name of the genetic passport has donozological character. The genetic passport indicates predisposition to various diseases. It is the donozological passport. Predisposition to diseases demands from the person of constant attention to environmental conditions and to control of the relevant vital systems which are inclined to these diseases under adverse environmental conditions. Based on the genetic passport the complex of preventive and diagnostic actions for prevention of developing of a disease is formed. Health – category not only medicobiological, but also social. Performance by the individual of the biological and social functions can be treated as manifestation of health. Ability of the individual to realize the biological and social functions indicates his health. Not ability to show the health – in other words to realize the biological and social functions – indicates a disease or an illness of the person.

Hygiene of External Purity of an Organism

Care of Skin

Skin constantly becomes soiled. On its surface skin fat, sweat, the disappearing scales of a horn layer, dust accumulate; all this mixes up and turns into dirt. Dirt causes the naggers, and it conducts to raschesa and appearance of pustulous diseases of skin. Violation of integrity of an integument can be caused also by other reasons – touch to the heated objects, excessive influence of sunshine or cold, impact on skin of alkalis or acids, can be a consequence of a bruise, blow, etc. The main thing in care of skin – maintenance of its purity and maintaining integrity and acid-base balance. The human health, its working capacity, resilience to various diseases depends on a condition of an integument. Skin represents the difficult and important member of the body performing many functions: protection of the internal environment of an organism, allocation from an organism of products of a metabolism, thermoregulation, etc. In skin there is many the nervous terminations and therefore it provides constant information of an organism on all irritants operating on a body. It is counted that on 1, the cm2 of a surface of a body is necessary about 100 painful, 12 - 15 colds, 1 - 2 thermal and about 25 points perceiving atmospheric pressure.

All these functions are performed in full only by healthy, strong, pure leather. The impurity of skin, skin diseases weaken its activity that negatively affects the state of health of the person. Basis of care of skin - regular washing of a body hot water with soap and a bast. It is carried out at least once in 4 - 5 days in soul, a bathtub or a bath. It is obligatory to change underwear after that. Care of skin of hands requires special attention as on it pathogenic microbes and eggs of helminths which then will be postponed for food and ware can get. Especially there are a lot of microbes (about 95%) which are on skin of brushes, accumulates under nails. After a toilet, performance of various works and before food it is necessary to wash hands with soap. Hands it is necessary before going to bed, in the morning after rise. At least once a week it is necessary to cut shortly nails that under them dirt did not accumulate. The bacteria and fungi causing infectious diseases get into skin at violation of its integrity. When receiving small wounds, the damaged places need to be greased with iodine tincture.

Care of Hair

In skin of a hairy part of the head, as well as in face skin, there is a lot of grease and sweat glands. The horny cells of epidermis disappearing in the form of scales and the dust which got on skin from air mix up with then and skin fat which at non-compliance with rules of care of hair decays that leads to emergence of an unpleasant smell from hair; hair at the same time become grease, brilliant. It is necessary to wash the head at least once a week. After washing hair should be dried a clean towel and to comb. It is better to use a rare crest for hair, without sharp teeth not to scratch head skin; it is not necessary to use others hairbrush. Care of hair provides a timely hairstyle and washing. It is inadmissible to use the laundry soap or synthetic detergents intended for washing of linen for washing of hair. It is recommended to use toilet soap or shampoo. At appearance of dandruff an oily hair of 1 - 2 time a month can be washed with shampoos.

Care of Teeth

In the absence of due care of teeth and an oral cavity under the influence of microbes there is a decomposition of the remains of the food which got stuck between teeth; at the same time various acids which lead to damage of tooth enamel are formed. On it there are dot dark stains, and gradually going deep defects are formed eventually – caries develops. In the absence of treatment, the pulp located in tooth is involved in process. Inflammation of a pulp is followed by sharp pains. If in due time not to take measures, there is a pulp necrosis that leads to full loss of tooth. In the absence of daily care of teeth the so-called scale is postponed. It is necessary to brush teeth not less once a day. Completely to remove the remains of food and the raid which is formed on teeth and gums in a night when toothbrushing it is necessary to drive a brush in the horizontal and vertical directions on the external and internal surfaces of teeth. The brush needs to be kept clean. For removal of the remains of food it is necessary several times during the day, to rinse after each meal a mouth of clear water. Systematic care of an oral cavity and teeth - one of mandatory hygienic requirements. Through an oral cavity and because of decayed teeth pathogenic microorganisms get into an organism. In the morning, before going to bed and after each meal it is necessary to brush carefully within 2 - 3 min. teeth paste, as from external, and from the inside. The toothbrush needs to be directed from gums to teeth, and not vice versa and only vertically. At mealtime it is desirable to avoid fast alternation of hot and cold dishes.

Care of Legs

The main thing here – continuous care of the maintenance of legs in purity. In skin of a sole of legs and palms there is many sweat glands in comparison with other parts of the body therefore on skin of legs sweating plentiful. The emitted sweat mixes up with dust owing to what legs become soiled. At bad care of legs on them an intertrigo, cracks pleated between fingers can be formed that creates prerequisites for appearance of pustulous and fungal diseases. Occupations barefoot, perspiration promote emergence of scrapes, local inflammatory processes and callosities. That is why it is necessary to wash daily legs with soap, to change socks more often. Dry callosities should be deleted in due time by means of pumice, a corn plaster. The correct adjustment and observance of rules of wearing footwear are of great importance. Purpose of footwear consists in protection of the legs against dampness, cold, against influence heated by the sun of paving against mechanical damages. Footwear has to meet certain fiziologo-hygienic requirements: it is good to absorb and carry out outside sweat, to have small heat conductivity, not to lose the properties when drying.

Footwear has to correspond to a form and the sizes of a leg, i.e. to be correctly adjusted; behind footwear leaving is required. At correctly adjusted footwear the leg should not be under pressure anywhere, and big and second fingers should not rest against part of sock of footwear. Between toes and edge of footwear there has to be a gap which can be determined by pressing from the outer side of a sock. In order that footwear kept the hygienic properties, permanent care of it and careful attitude to it is necessary. It is necessary to remember that crude, not dry-through leather boots lose the heat-shielding properties. Dirt and excess of shoe cream also worsen quality of footwear. Wet and dirty footwear should be cleaned first from dirt and to dry up. Footwear needs to be dried evenly and gradually; at fast drying its hygienic properties worsen. Shoe cream should be applied on the dried-up footwear with a uniform thin layer and to pound dry as the excess of cream reduces air permeability and porosity of material of which footwear is made, than its hygienic properties decrease.

Choice of Clothes

The clothes protect an organism from adverse effects of the external environment, mechanical damages and pollution. From the hygienic point of view, she has to help to adapt to various environmental conditions, to promote creation of a necessary microclimate, to be easy and convenient. Heat-shielding properties of clothes, its air permeability, naturalness matter. At exercises on the street in the summer the form can consist of an undershirt, short and also a cotton or woolen knitted suit. During the occupations in the winter on the street sportswear with high heat-shielding and wind-shelter properties is used. Usually this cotton linen, a woolen suit or a sweater with trousers, a hat. At strong wind the windshelter jacket from above is put on. Different types of sportswear from synthetic fabrics are recommended to be applied only to protection against wind, a rain, snow, etc. It is unhygienic to use sportswear in everyday life. Footwear has to be easy, elastic and well ventilated. It is necessary that its heat-shielding and waterproof properties corresponded to weather conditions. Best of all the footwear from genuine leather having small heat conductivity, good elasticity and durability and also having ability to keep a form after soaking meets these requirements.

Endoecology of Purity of The Internal Environment of An Organism

The endoecology is the methods and means allowing to maintain purity of the internal environment of an organism thereby providing normal activity of all bodies and fabrics. Purity of the internal environment of an organism is a basis of bases of its normal activity. The person - an integral part of the nature therefore each cage of our organism sensitively reacts to any changes of state of environment. The biochemical processes proceeding in living cells of which all consists live on our planet including the person, were created long ago, millions of years ago. And all these millions of years evolution of the live world happened in ideal conditions of primitive ecological purity. But in the 20th century technical progress to unrecognizability changed the image of our planet. For the last decades we is imperceptible for itself kind of became inhabitants of other planet. Unfortunately, most of us lives in the distance from untouched corners of the nature, in an environment of numerous chemicals, the toxins getting to an organism with food, water, air to which we breathe. Chemicals break work of the immune system, contributing to the development of allergic diseases, immunodeficiencies, oncological processes. More than 80% of toxins accumulate in intercellular space–a lymph. And in this environment, there are also all our cages, and the polluted space has the most negative impact on them. At indispositions, first of all, it is necessary to pay attention to work of lymphatic system. She makes cleaning of “garbage” - is responsible for a conclusion of toxins from an organism. She throws out through the capillary’s slags directly in intestines, and then outside. And it is natural, from that, lymphatic system how well works, also purity of the internal environment of an organism and consequently our health and health depend. Very well stimulate work of lymphatic system cowberry - it cleans walls of vessels, parsley strengthens a lymphatic drainage of bodies and fabrics, blackcurrant favorably influences a liver and provides antirheumatic action. Also, excellent limfostimulyator are the melissa, a dogrose brown. Traditional medicine for clarification of a lymph recommends to drink horseradish infusion on water in the ratio 1:1 (on a teaspoon three times a day) or within one day in each hour to accept a little juice, prepared from carrots, beet and a cucumber (a ratio 6:1:3). Besides, advise all who show consideration for a condition of the organism there are a sea cabbage salad and Russian cabbage soup from young leaves of a nettle more often.

The good procedure is clarification of an organism in a bath or a sauna. Heat dissolves fats and opens a time, and thus together with then harmful substances and excess of liquid are removed from an organism. By the way, for this reason many women notice that regularly visiting a sauna, begin to grow thin quickly. It is very useful to carry out lymphatic drainage massage to time of visit of a bath. It is for this purpose recommended to rub 10-15 times a body a rigid brush or a bast: from below up and outside inside – in pelvic, belly and chest areas and also on legs and hands; from top to down and behind forward - on the head and a neck. These movements correspond to the direction of a lymph flow and by that stimulate work of lymphatic system. Today all know, the good ecology is how important for human health. And if not always in our forces to take care of improvement of ecological space around, then the ecology in our organism depends only on ourselves. To normalize the mechanism of cellular updating (regeneration) it is necessary to customize daily vital systems and complete functioning of an organism at the spiritual, power, physiological and anatomic levels, according to the vibration field nature of life and self-organization of biosystems of the person through a biofield.

Vibration Field Nature of Life

Everything that exists, vibrates. The matter is slowly vibrating energy. The spirit, thought, idea – is the energy vibrating with the highest speed. All types of life show fluctuations, frequencies and which amplitudes various. According to spiritual truth of creation of life, God in 6000 years created power information vibration fields and, on their basis, generated life. According to the physical theory of explosion, there were power information vibration fields from which by self-organization there was a life. The latest discoveries of modern physics confirm this fact. Life is a perpetual motion. In the Universe nothing can stop. Distinctions in manifestation of a matter and energy are explained by that they variously vibrate. According to definition of modern physics, vibration or fluctuation are processes of radiation of energy through identical periods. Fluctuation is a fundamental form of the movement. The perception of a sound requires a certain frequency of fluctuation, for light higher speed of fluctuation of energy. Then energy is more perfect – that with greater speed it vibrates. Any vibration has property to extend and have impact on environment. It is possible to present, what changes in the space surrounding us and in us cause vibrations of anger, hatred, rage, and what vibration changes are caused by fine music, the feeling of love shown by us or to us. From the highest spiritual spheres of vibration of spirit and thought consistently astral worlds, and then physical get, recovering them and extending in all the Divine Providence. Any matter (dense low-frequency energy) interacts with high-frequency energiya and generates information (shows consciousness). Beginning from the elementary cage and to space structure, for example stars, everything is absolute in the universe contains energy and generates information (shows consciousness). The energy which is in everything is radiated from everything in the form of vibrations, radiations. Everything in the Universe radiates round itself power vibrations. Vibrations differ on frequency. The consciousness is more shown, the energy is stronger and the more so highly this energy vibrates. That is, then the consciousness in the person is shown above, especially, strong highly vibration energy is radiated by this person. The person who reached high spiritual development, radiates very thin vibrations. At its presence it is comfortable. Its vibrations very strongly energetically feed. For this reason the highest energy of love is called as divine love.Beginning from corpuscles, electrons, atoms, smaller particles of energy not known to science, to the worlds, solar systems, galaxies so far, everything is absolute in the Universe is in a condition of fluctuation, perpetual motion. All material forms of the nature differ from each other in a vibration condition of energy.

We will present the Universal scale of power vibrations, that is a life scale, on extent of manifestation of energy and frequency of vibrations. On one limit pole - inner worlds, energy forming them, show the highest vibrations and the highest consciousness, and come nearer to the Absolute. Here vibrations of energy happen to such intensity and to such speed limit that are represented being at rest. On other, opposite end of a scale there are dense forms of a material world (stone) which vibrations are so low, slowed so down that too seem motionless, though it not so. Between them the huge range of vibration life, huge range of the shown consciousness. Everything in the universe moves, everything vibrates, nothing is based, the stop means disappearance in the universe. Everything vibrates variously and in various directions. From extent of vibration, extent of manifestation of life depends. The vibration of energy which contains in a form is higher, this form will be more vital. Both the stone and fiery elements vibrate, both the live. The fiery elements are more vigorous. Different manifestation of vibrations - different manifestations of life. With change of speed of vibrations manifestation of life and manifestation of consciousness changes. The frequency of vibrations is higher, the life is shown more actively, and the consciousness is higher. In the Universe there is an infinite set of forms of life, a set of the forms of existence differing on the level of consciousness and level of energy. The person is identical to the Universe, we are triple, as well as the Universe. We have a physical body which vibrates. The radio body shows higher vibrations and it more power saturated, than a physical body. The radio double who supplies it with energy has each body. Higher body, a body thin or astral - vibrations thinner, energy mightier and strong. The consciousness of this body is shown as feeling. The thinnest on vibrations is the mental body. We are the feeling and conceiving beings therefore constantly we radiate these or those vibrations of feelings and thoughts in environment. The world around very much depends on our impact on it. Flowers if we often are at rest, pleasure or love can blossom. Relatives if we often are in a condition of anger, irritations, rage can be ill. The disease is the low frequency destroying vibrations. To change the vibrations, change the state. To change the destroying vibrations, it is necessary to concentrate on positive thoughts, desires and feelings. To contact with the astral world means that your astral body has to vibrate in the range of frequencies, as the astral world. It is reached by creative occupations at people of art, at poets, musicians, artists. Depending on that with what plan of the astral world his astral body enters a resonance, there are these or those works of art. If there is a resonant accord with high plans of the astral world, its art transfers vibrations of this plan. The person of art is only the conductor of influence of vibrations of the highest worlds on the terrestrial world. If more often it is adjusted on vibration of the lowest subplans of the astral world, there is Bosch’s painting. Remember two different in influence on the viewer of pictures Chagall. One pictures when it was in love, and then his astral body vibrated in unison with the highest plans of the thin world since radiated very high vibrations of love. And others, gloomy, disturbing, sated in the brown flowers when he endured arrival of fascism.

A condition of alarm, fear are conditions of low vibrations. His astral body could be adjusted only on vibration of low subplans of the astral world. From here such colors in pictures and such impact on the viewer. On influence on us of pictures, music, poetry, we can always define, in what emotional states there was their founder. The most power, the most effective is the thought. The thinnest on vibrations is our mental body. Thought the strongest, most effective manifestation of consciousness which is available to the person. The person with a spiritual mental body is spiritually imperious, mighty being. We exist at the ocean of vibrations. Everything vibrates around, any space vibrates. We catch any vibration background, having entered the apartment, establishment, communicating with any person, being outdoors. Everything is absolute in the world bears information on itself since all vibrates. Unfortunately, we, ordinary people, are capable to feel very small range of vibrations. Spiritual development is an ability to feel more highly frequency range of vibrations of the world in which we exist. For us the most important are states of mind and ability to control the emotions and the thoughts.

Any state of mind is the vibration radiation therefore it is necessary to trace the states of mind and if it is necessary to change the sincere manifestations consciously. To transfer itself or other person to a kind state of mind it is possible to use highly vibrating music, it is that tool which influences our state of mind. It is better to form spiritual consciousness which constantly holds a kind state of mind. The government, which is anxious with development of the people, has to pay more attention to development of art and spiritual culture, and not just to development of the industry. High art and culture spiritualize and improve and raise a power state. The correct prayer as expression of love for God, as gratitude for life, is a power method of management of a power state, method of an eminence of a state of mind. It is possible to lower the vibration state, to enter the person into a condition of anger, art it too can do. The martial music adjusts the person on eagerness to fight and aggression. Metal music causes aggression in youth. At communication with the person angry, angry other person experiences vibration influence and too starts being irritated. It is possible to catch not only an infection; it is possible to catch low vibrations for this reason don’t allow at the presence of low manifestations. The person radiating low energy is a destruction source, it is really dangerous. Everything that is near it, with is adjusted with its vibration. Notice that near the angry person involuntarily you become itself angry. Involuntarily each person enters a resonance with stronger vibration. Therefore, well influences the world around of people radiating high vibrations. It too adjusts people around, but does them more friendly, quiet, peaceful. The intensive radiator of lowfrequency energy is the dangerous destroyer of world around. The person with high-frequency vibration harmonizes environment. Near it sincerely quietly, comfortably, people unconsciously seek to be near it. Such person involuntarily inspires love as possesses huge attractive force. It spiritualizes and raises a vibration condition of the environment. Low states of mind show low vibration. Such states of mind as rage, hatred, irritation is very low vibrations. The highest state of mind on vibrations, so on energy the strongest is a condition of love. The thinnest state - a condition of love. It is pleasant to us to communicate with the person who loves us. Vibrations which are radiated by this person very high, means the very strong. Contact with the person loving us is a most powerful power feed. The best power protection is a condition of love.

There is nothing in the Universe that wouldn’t radiate energy of various frequencies. Each blade, each tree, each living being belonging to a kingdom of plants in our nature radiates energy. Similarly, with fauna. All living beings of this world too radiate various on energy vibrations. The person constantly radiates energy in world around. His physical body, his astral body and a mental body radiates energy. The energy radiated by each person corresponds to the level of its development, corresponds to its emotional and mental condition. Each person possesses the vibration passport, much more essential, than the legal document. It precisely characterizes the level of its development. This quality of vibrations which it radiates. If near the person it is disturbing, there is a desire quicker to leave it, it occurs because the person radiates low vibrations. Its level of consciousness is still very low. It is necessary to learn to perceive the world appreciably, that is to perceive vibration radiations of all in world around. For this purpose, it is necessary to restore and develop a feeling-knowledge. When we think, we show these or those emotions, feelings, states, we radiate energy, various vibration states. Knowing it, and that our vibrations have impact on people around, it is necessary to learn to control the positive creating vibrations. The person influences the vibrations the nature, people, the dwelling, the city, Space. Everything in the world bears information on itself. These are vibrations. We now exist at that level of development when we think that verbal information is more important. Verbal information is only data. Very often false. The modern person is capable to feel very big range of vibrations of environment, people, animals, plants, stones, rooms, etc.

The person knows about it or not, he always reacts to vibrations which perceives. Any person should react to vibrations of world around. All of us inevitably perceive and we react to vibration influence of environment. We are shipped by living conditions in the ocean of the energy influencing our feelings, a state of health, a thinking orientation. So, spiritual development is a development of ability to feel wider range of vibration influence of world around. Then more, the person is spiritually developed, especially he is capable to apprehend high vibrations. And the more so high vibrations are radiated by him. The less, the person is spiritually developed, the less he is capable to perceive vibrations of world around, he is capable to perceive only low vibrations. Also radiates too only such. So, nothing is based, everything moves, everything vibrates. The Universe moves on the basis of two vibration principles - the movements circular and oscillatory. In the universe everything moves around and fluctuates. Planets move around, all solar system moves around. The Universe makes two types of the movement: circular and oscillatory. Activity of the person proceeds around and fluctuates. Sincere and mental manifestations of the person exist according to these principles, including. Each person radiates energy when thinks or feels. Sincere and thought processes at women and men happen differently. That is why two women well understand each other, but the woman and the man difficult understand each other. The principle of thinking at them various. The principle of thinking at women irrational associative, that is circular. Thinking of men – rational oscillatory. A feelingknowledge at women too are longer, flowing, mutually influencing. Men feel much less, sincere processes proceed quicker.

So, all our thoughts, emotions, states are no other than manifestation of astral and mental bodies and manifestation of their energy of various vibrations. With spiritual development of the person not only the range of the energy radiated by it extends, not only manifestation of consciousness of his body’s changes, but also there is an ability to control and change the vibrations. But it is always necessary to remember that we exist at the ocean of vibrations that radiates energy everything absolutely and everything influences us. Any person should react to vibrations of world around. All of us are simply doomed to perceive and react to vibration influence of environment, to control positive creative vibrations.

Person as Object of Research

Development of an organism goes under the influence of mental energy. Mental energy gets into all cages. The biochemical carrier of mental energy are structural components of a cover of nervous fibers of the lipidic nature. Mental energy influences an electromagnetic homeostasis. Quality of mental energy depends on consciousness, feelings and desires. Arriving justly on conscience, the person produces mental energy of tranquility, which provides an electromagnetic homeostasis, differently mental energy of frustration which breaks an electromagnetic homeostasis is produced. Destructive vibrations appear at the person as a result of action of its negative spiritual qualities or emotions: *the grief gives vibrations - from 0,1 to 2 hertz; *fear from 0,2 to 2,2 hertz; *offense - from 0,6 to 3,3 hertz; *irritation - from 0,9 to 3,8 hertz; *indignation - from 0,6 to 1,9 hertz; *the egoism - gives vibrations of at most 2,8 hertz; *irascibility (irascibility) - 0,9 hertz; *rage flash - 0,5 hertz; anger - 1,4 hertz; *arrogance - 0,8 hertz; pride - 3,1 hertz; *neglect - 1,5 hertz; *superiority - 1,9 hertz; * pity - 3 hertz. Throughout the millennia the frequency of vibrations (i.e. fluctuations in a second) our planet made 7,8-8,2Hz. Physicists call it Schuman’s frequency. It fluctuates within 8 hertz. Researchers on physical medicine noticed long ago that positive people who led a healthy lifestyle, weren’t ill when the frequency of vibrations of their power field was included into a resonance with a frequency of vibrations of the planet.

The healthy condition of an organism is provided and supported by a resonance of standing electromagnetic waves of a biofield.

Health of the Person

Is a psycho-physiological state with balanced mentality and functioning of an organism at an electromagnetic frequency of cages of 8 hertz and with a wavelength of 8 meters in the resonance mode in environmentally friendly internal and environment. Electromagnetic frequency of cages of 8 hertz forms a light biofield.

The Valuable Realization of Counterbalancing Mentality

Requirements are in deep communication with outlook and the system of values. The system of values focuses the personality on this or that strategy of vital behavior. The system of values is set of estimates by the person of objects and phenomena of the world around - directly indicates how it is necessary to treat the existing requirements how it is necessary to form them and to correct. Value is assessment of the phenomena and events as I am kind or angry, useful or harmful, fine or ugly, admissible or forbidden, fair or unfair, etc. The possibility of comparison of the world around to requirements and values of the person with a brilliant accuracy is painted in an aphorism of the Ancient Greek sophist Protagor (490 - 420 BC): “The person is a measure of all things”. In this statement valuable approach to the world is brightly shown. Requirements and values penetrate literally all spheres of public life, all social structures and the relations. Requirements and values act as an important link between society, the social environment and the individual, the personality, her inner world. Values represent beliefs of people about life and acceptable behavior. Moral value is acceptance on itself responsibility for the acts. Cultural wealth, love, the truth, good and beauty, are values of spiritual life of the personality. The spirituality - is internal installation of the individual to work according to the conscience.

Spiritual life of society is inconceivable without connection of spiritual production and spiritual consumption. Nobody will be able to enjoy music which isn’t created! In spiritual life of society, the activity directed to creation, preservation and distribution of cultural wealth spiritual needs and spiritual consumption represents indissoluble unity.

Spiritual consumption is a special kind of activity and, therefore, it has the focus, demands certain efforts, use of appropriate means. In the course of spiritual consumption as means of achievement of the goal material resources, perform with another – the corresponding knowledge and skills, on the one hand, (to read the book, it is necessary to have an opportunity to receive it in library or to buy.) The education level and the general culture of the personality directly influences consumption of cultural wealth. Spiritual needs of the person represent internal motives to creativity, creation of cultural wealth and their development, to spiritual communication. Spiritual needs are set socially. This requirement in itself doesn’t arise. It has to be created and developed by a social context, the individual’s environment in difficult and long process of his education and education. At the same time at first society forms only the most elementary spiritual needs providing his socialization at the person. Spiritual needs of higher order - development of richness of world culture, participation in their creation, etc. - society can form only indirectly, through the system of the cultural wealth serving as reference points in spiritual self-development of individuals. Spiritual needs have essentially unlimited character. Limits of growth of requirements of spirit don’t exist. Only volumes of the spiritual riches which are already saved up by mankind, opportunities and the power of desire of the person to participate in their production can act as natural limiters of such growth. Spiritual activity is a basis of spiritual human life and society. Spiritual activity – a form of the active relation of human consciousness to the world around of which are result:

a) The new ideas, images, representations, values which are embodied in philosophical systems, scientific theories, works of art, moral, religious, legal and other views.
b) Spiritual public relations of individuals.
c) The person.

Ideal educations as a product of spiritual activity and production have the general nature of their consumption. Any spiritual value ideally can be property of all. From consumption they don’t decrease as material, on the contrary, then more people seize cultural wealth, that high probability of their increment. Special type of spiritual activity is distribution of cultural wealth for the purpose of assimilation by their perhaps large number of people. The special role belongs to institutions of science, culture, church, education systems and education here. Cultural wealth – the category indicating human, social and cultural value of various spiritual educations (the ideas, theories, images) considered in the context of “good and evil”, “the truth or a lie” “fine or ugly”, “fair or unfair”. In cultural wealth the public nature of the person and a condition of his life is expressed. The person is a being spiritual, a part of the inner world created by God. The person allocated with ability to feel spiritual needs more precisely and better perceives the world around in all its variety. Such person easier and quicker understands that the behavior coinciding with moral standards except other, gives feeling of emotional satisfaction and internal tranquility, makes balanced psyche [1], transfers to a spiritual healthy lifestyle [2-15].

Conclusion

To be favorable by the spiritual person. Clever desire and a kind thought are born in the soul from love for God. Only the person allocated with a possibility of achievement of God’s similarity has a balanced and perfect system of mental forces (hearts, mind, will) and their manifestations (feelings, thoughts, strong-willed acts). This magnificent system is property of human mentality. Her basic feature is the moral and spiritual orientation. Bringing up and leaning on true moral and spiritual desires of people it is capable to reach balanced mentality in realization of necessary material and spiritual needs.

Hygiene and endoecology, light bioenergy and natural ecology, balanced mentality and spiritual life are criterion of maintenance of a healthy state.

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Monday, July 18, 2022

Lupine Publishers|Why to Not Rely on Nature?

 

  Lupine Publishers | Journal of Health Research and Reviews

 Abstract

Metabolism is the process your body uses to make energy from the food you eat. Food is made up of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Chemicals in your digestive system (enzymes) break the food parts down into sugars and acids, your body’s fuel. Your body can use this fuel right away, or it can store the energy in your body tissues. If you have a metabolic disorder, something goes wrong with this process. Dyslipidemia is main etiological factor leading to develop coronary artery disease (CAD). Allopathic drugs used in cure of hyperlipidemia, have unwanted effects, so have poor compliance. Now a day’s nutraceuticals are getting popularity due to their moderate hypolipidemic actions with fewer adverse effects. Niacin or vitamin B-3 is used as hypolipidemic agent which increases HDL-cholesterol and decreases LDL-cholesterol, VLDL, TGs by different mechanisms. But its main adverse effects are flushing due to synthesis of Prostaglandin D-2 which has vasodilatory effect causing flushing. Cardamom is herb having hypolipidemic potential if used in specific concentration for long time. In this work we did try to compare these two medicines hypolipidemic effects. Study was single blind placebo-controlled conducted at Jinnah Hospital Lahore-Pakistan from July to November 2018. Seventy-five hyperlipidemic patients were selected and divided in three groups. Their base line lipid profile was determined at laboratory of the hospital. Patients were divided in three groups. Group-1 was on placebo therapy, Group-II was on Niacin 1.5 grams daily in divided doses, and Group-III was on Cardamom 1 gram daily in three divided doses. It was two months therapeutic design. At completion of therapeutic regimen after two months we measured all patient’s lipid profile. When results were compiled and pre and post treatment values were analyzed statistically, it was observed that both drugs hypolipidemic potential is different, although both have hypolipidemic characteristic, but Niacin is the best for treating Hyperlipidemia. For statistical analysis we used SPSS version 5.0 and paired ‘t’ test was applied to understand significant changes in two tested group’s lipid profile.

Introduction

Lipid metabolism disorders, such as Gaucher disease and Tay- Sachs disease, involve lipids. Lipids are fats or fat-like substances. They include oils, fatty acids, waxes, and cholesterol. If you have one of these disorders, you may not have enough enzymes to break down lipids. Or the enzymes may not work properly, and your body can’t convert the fats into energy. They cause a harmful amount of lipids to build up in your body. Over time, that can damage your cells and tissues, especially in the brain, peripheral nervous system, liver, spleen, and bone marrow. Many of these disorders can be very serious, or sometimes even fatal. High LDL-cholesterol and low HDL-cholesterol in blood are cause of synthesis of atherosclerotic plaques which get deposited with inner endothelium of coronary arteries, leading to develop coronary artery disease (CAD) [1,2]. Hyperlipidemia either primary or secondary is challenge for scientists of 21st century due to this disease’s complications like coronary artery disease, Hypertension, Cardiac Arrhythmias, and Myocardial Infarction [3,4]. Hyperlipidemia causes LDL particle’s oxidation, which initiate formation of atherosclerotic plaques leading to development of coronary artery disease. From this single complication of Hyperlipidemia, all major heart diseases are developed leading to morbidity and mortality due to last lethal major heart disease Ventricular Fibrillation [5-8]. Hypolipidemic drugs commonly used include Statins, nicotinic acid, bile acid binding resins and fibric acids, but all have potential for low patient compliance due to wide range of side effects [9].

Niacin increases apolipoprotein A1 levels due to anti catabolic effects resulting in higher reverse cholesterol transport. It also inhibits HDL hepatic uptake, down-regulating production of the cholesterol ester transfer protein gene. Finally, it stimulates the ABC-A1 transporter in monocytes and macrophages and upregulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ results in reverse cholesterol transport. It reduces secondary outcomes associated with atherosclerosis, such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides, but increases high density lipoprotein cholesterol [10]. Despite the importance of other cardiovascular risk factors, high HDL was associated with fewer cardiovascular events independent of LDL reduction. Other effects include anti-thrombotic and vascular inflammation, improving endothelial function [11]. To get good drug-patient compliance many health-related modern researchers have started to put their haeling potential for developing alternatives drugs used in primary or secondary Hyperlipidemia. Cardamom or in urdu ILAICHI is one of the hypolipidemic herb, widely encouraged by cardiologists to be used for prevention of atherogenesis, and coronary artery disease [12]. Cardamum’s antioxident effect is well established in many research studies on medicinal herbs. This nutraceutical contains Flavenoids and Phenolic compounds which scavenge Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), reducing risk of developing CAD. Oral administration of cardamom extracts significantly reduced total cholesterol, highdensity lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein, and very lowdensity lipoprotein and triglycerides in HL patients [13].

Patients & Method

Design: It was single blind placebo-controlled study conducted at GENERAL HOSPITAL Lahore from July to November 2018.

No of Patients: Seventy-five hyperlipidemic patients were selected and enrolled for the study. Written, already explained and approved consent was taken from all patients.

Inclusion Criteria: Inclusion criteria were age limit from 18 to 70 years of both gender male and female primary or secondary hyperlipidemic patients.

Exclusion Criteria: Patients suffering from any vital organ disease or their impaired functions were excluded from the study. Alcoholics, cigarette smokers and patients taking regular medicine for their any physical or mental disease were also excluded.

Grouping: Seventy-five patients were divided in three groups, comprising 25 patients in each group. Group-I was on placebo therapy. They were provided capsules containing grinded rice and mixed wheat. They were advised to take one capsule before meal, thrice daily for two months. Group-II patients were advised to take 1.5 grams of Niacin in three divided doses for the period of two months. Group-III were advised to take one-gram grinded green Cardamom powder mixed in black tea, thrice daily after each meal for the period of two months.

Methods Used: At start of study all patients’ blood pressure was recorded and kept in their personal file. Lipid profile of all patients was determined by Frei Dewald Method. Total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were main parameters we required for further calculation of change in these parameters. All patients were advised to visit clinic fortnightly for their follow up. After two months therapy their lipid profile was measured again by same Frei Dewald Method. Blood Pressure of all participants was again measured and compiled for further statistical analysis.

Statistical Analysis: Data were expressed as the mean ± SEM and paired “t” test was applied to determine statistical significance as the difference. A probability value of <0.05 was considered as non-significant and P<0.001 was considered as highly significant change in the results when pre and post-treatment values were compared

Results

Results are shown in Table 1 with detail and all parameter’s values and changes in these parameters are self-explanatory.

Table 1: Results of pre and post treatment values, measured in mg/dl (tc, ldl-c, hdl-c) & mm of hg (sbp, dbp).

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Current Statistics: (Pakistan SUN Secretariat Report 2017-18, P&D Department)

Discussion

Nutraceuticals like vitamins, and nutritional substances like fruits, vegetables, and indian spices are getting popularity in medical research regarding their therapeutic characteristics. Vitamin B-3 or niacin, and Cardamum (illaichi) are well known nutraceuticals which have been proved to have hypolipidemic potential. Metabolic syndrome is cluster of complications in lipid, protein and carbohydrate metabolism in human body. Hyperlipidemia is main fraction and part of this complication. High plasma LDL particles are prone to be oxidized leading to synthesis of atherosclerotic plaques which deposit to endothelial wall of arteries including coronary arteries (CAD). To reduce high plasma fats can prevent individual from being vulnerable for development of CAD. In our results two months therapy with Niacin decreased total and LDL cholesterol 13.1 and 6.7 % respectively. Statistically decrease in total cholesterol is highly significant while change in LDL-cholesterol is significant biostatistically. These results match with results of study conducted by Capuzzi DM et al. [14] who agree with our results. They almost saw same changes in LP (lipid profile) of primary and secondary hyperlipidemic patients.

They mentioned effects of blood pressure which was nonsignificant when they analyzed pre and post treatment values in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Our results of change in HDL cholesterol also match with results of Alam K et al. [15] who proved 11% increase in HDL-cholesterol which is highly significant change in pre, and post treatment values of the parameter mentioned. Cantarella L et al. [16] proved significant change in systolic blood pressure of hyperlipidemic patients but non-significant effects on diastolic blood pressure. Goto T et al. [17] explained cause of flushing by using Niacin in hypolipidemic doses. They recommended titration of Niacin dose to improve patient drug compliance. Kawaguchi K et al. [18] did research on Cardamom and found phenolic compounds of this herb as antioxidant. They agree with many researcher’s idea or viewpoint that phenolics work as scavenger of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Mittal MK et al. [19] proved that hypolipidemic effects of any herb are not as potent as Statins or Niacin. They have encouraged researchers that active ingredients of medicinal herbs should carefully be extracted and utilized efficaciously when you could preserve all for long time. Our research study proved significant changes in total and LDL cholesterol in 24 hyperlipidemic patients, i.e. 7.2 mg/dl reduction in total cholesterol and 8.8 mg/dl decrease in LDL cholesterol. Changes in both parameters are biostatistically significant.

Almost same results were observed by Bruckert, Eric et al. [20] who again said and advised patient not totally to depend on medicinal herbs, for, it is difficult to treat the disease by monotherapy when they start to develop metabolic syndrome and its serious complications. Babu PV et al. [21] has described that too much active ingredients or chemical compounds present in herbal medicines made it (Cardamom) unpopular because unexpected effects may be observed by using large amount of grinded Cardamom. He warned individuals using large amount of drug may harm metabolic pathways of body, producing unexplained metabolites which can harm body tissues. NA Lokan et al. [22], Temokarr Y et al. [23] explained that there are remarkable number of medicinal herbs and other chemical compounds which scavenge ROS (reactive oxygen species) in human body, preventing development of CAD.

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Friday, June 24, 2022

Lupine Publishers|Malnutrition Evidence and Solutions for Pakistan

 

  Lupine Publishers | Journal of Health Research and Reviews


Malnutrition Evidence in Pakistan

Nearly one in three persons globally suffers from at least one form of malnutrition: wasting, stunting, vitamin and mineral deficiency, overweight or obesity and diet-related Non-Communicable Diseases [1]. Malnutrition is widely known as under-nutrition until and unless it is not specified. It accounts for at least half of all childhood deaths worldwide. Malnutrition is considered as fundamental cause of morbidity and mortality among the children [2,3]. It also poses a risk to children’s physical and mental development, which results in poor academic achievement. Malnutrition affects the future health and socioeconomic development of children and the dynamic prospective of the society [4,5]. In the last two decades, there has been a little reduction in the prevalence of child malnutrition in Pakistan compared to other developing countries. The prevalence of all types of malnutrition in Pakistan was found to be higher than the global threshold value. It was found that malnutrition starts at an early age and remains persistent at later stages [6].

According to the National Nutrition Survey 2011, it has been reported that 13.4 million (43%) of children under the age of five in Pakistan are moderately or severely stunted, 9.9 million (32%) are moderately or severely underweight, and 4.8 million (15.1%) children under five years of age are wasted. 50 percent of the children were anemic, and 33% were anemic from iron deficiency [7]. The contributing factors in childhood malnutrition are low birth weight, inadequate breast feeding and exclusive breastfeeding, inappropriate complementary feeding, maternal education, lack of proper knowledge of nutrition, micronutrient intake, parity, birth spacing, household socioeconomic status, food insecurity, poor sanitation, vaccination, and infectious diseases [8]. Anemia among pregnant women has increased to 52 percent. Maternal anemia is associated with reduced birth weight and increased risk of maternal mortality. Anemia rates have been worsening over the past two decades. Children who are born with intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight have a greater risk of morbidity and mortality. These children usually continued with slow growth rate resulted in stunting, slow mental growth and remained underweight [9]. Comparison of National Nutrition Survey 2001, 2011 and PDHS 2017-18 showed that over the last 18 years there is slight improvement in few aspects of malnutrition but generally the malnutrition status among children and women is stalling or further deteriorated (Table 1).

Table 1.

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Current Statistics: (Pakistan SUN Secretariat Report 2017-18, P&D Department)

Iodine deficiency among women and children has decreased (improved).
a) Anemia among children and Iron deficiency anemia among women have worsened.
b) The chronic malnutrition indicators such as Wasting and stunting among children has worsened.
c) Both women and children have showed many folds increase in the prevalence of Vitamin A deficiency.
d) Still micro-nutrient deficiencies are highly prevalent among children and women
Malnutrition has a negative impact on cognitive development, school performance and productivity. Stunting and iodine and iron deficiencies, combined with inadequate cognitive stimulation, are leading risk factors contributing to the failure of children to attain their full development potential (Figure 1). Each 1% increase in adult height is associated with a 4% increase in agricultural wages and eliminating anemia would lead to an increase of 5% to 17% in adult productivity [10].

Figure 1.

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Food Security

Food security [is] a situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life (defined by The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Despite Pakistan’s strong agricultural base, food insecurity is widespread (Figure 2). According to The State of Food Security in Pakistan, 44 percent of households consume less than 2,350 Kcal per adult equivalent per day [11], the accepted normative standard set by Ministry of Planning Development & Reform. The food security situation showed no signs of improvement since the last food insecurity assessment conducted by the United Nations in Pakistan (WFP Report 2009), which revealed that 51% of the population was food insecure. The situation has, in fact, deteriorated further. This will have serious implications on the nutrition, growth and health of the Pakistani population [12]. Despite growing levels of food production, economic access to food remains a major challenge in Pakistan. If available food is not accessible to the population, food security cannot be achieved. A household’s access to food is a measure of its income, food distribution and the market prices of food items. Official estimates consider 29.5 percent of Pakistan’s population ‘poor’ with reference to the revised national poverty line of PKR 3,030.32 [13]. However, multidimensional poverty is estimated to affect 38.8 percent of the population when severe deprivations in education, health and living standards are considered. Poverty is most prevalent in eastern Sindh, western Balochistan and pockets of KP and Punjab [14]. The Food Consumption Score (FCS1) a proxy indicator of food security is a composite score based on dietary frequency, food frequency and relative nutrition importance of different food groups consumed at the household’s level. The recent drought assessment in Sindh revealed that overall, around 18 percent of households have ‘acceptable food consumption’, 41 percent have ‘poor consumption’ and another 41 percent have ‘borderline consumption’ [15].

Figure 2.

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Key Issues Related to Food Insecurity in Pakistan

I. Access to food is a major challenge. Poverty is one of the biggest barriers to access to food. Additionally, high food cost and access to market of rural communities are major contributors.
II. Most of the households spend half (49 percent) of their monthly expenditure on food, on average, a proportion which increases among the poor.
III. Roughly half of Pakistan’s population is energy deficient, consuming fewer calories than those required for a healthy life.
IV. Dietary diversity is limited in Pakistan, especially among poor and marginalized groups who follow a fixed pattern of food intake and consume a narrow variety of nutrients. One of the resulted outcomes is micro-nutrient deficiencies.
V. Whether an individual consumes—or not—nutritious food is contingent upon a myriad of factors, ranging from the availability of certain foods, how convenient they can be turned into meals, or simply, if they meet consumers’ tastes. But above all, the high cost of food remains the most critical barrier to proper nutrition and affects the poor more than the rich. And in Pakistan, where malnutrition persists in multiple forms, the cost of nutritious food is prohibitive.
VI. The ready to use supplementary food are not available in the market and only available from limited sources on high cost.

Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases

Pakistan is facing double burden of Malnutrition as reported by National Nutrition Survey and latest data shared by Pakistan SUN Secretariat Report 2017-18, Ministry of Planning and Development. According to these reports adult overweight and obese person are 30%, mostly residing in urban locations. Among male adults obese and overweight are 27 percent and slightly more female adults 32% are obese and overweight. The major contributing factors are the dietary pattern and habits leading to inappropriate consumption of food including consumption of more energy dense foods rather than the nutrient-dense foods, and consumption of artificial foods. These malnutrition states lead to two major non-communicable diseases including Hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and Diabetes.

Solutions

Strategy for Prevention and Management of Malnutrition

It is established fact that a malnourished child will face poorer outcomes as an adult. In Pakistan, where malnutrition persists in multiple forms, improving nutrition in the early stages of life is critical to a child’s future development and health. The path toward better nutrition includes adequate maternal and childcare, access to better sanitation facilities, health services, and naturally, nutritious foods.

Community based Primary Health Care interventions with special focus on Nutrition specific interventions for Children and Women such as

The preventive measures must focus the children under five years of age, adolescent girls and women including pregnant and lactating mothers. The first 1,000 days from the start of a woman’s pregnancy to a child’s second birthday offer a window of opportunity for preventing under nutrition and its consequences. We should target this period with support for breastfeeding, nutrition-rich foods for infants and micronutrient supplements for mother and children. These nutrition specific interventions may be effectively implemented through primary health care services by community based Marvi workers and supervisor LHVs for quality technical services. The effective strategic plan should be devised including
a) Primary Health Care interventions (community-based education of mothers, health and nutrition services for prevention of malnutrition by promoting preparation of diversified appropriate meal (age appropriate) at home).
b) Manufacturing and Provision of Ready to Use Supplementary and Therapeutic Food --- for acutely malnutrition children, pregnant and lactating women.
c) Manufacturing and Provision of Multiple Micro-nutrient supplement (including iron and folate) tablets for pregnant and lactating women and Multiple Micro-nutrient sachet for children (6 – 24 months).
Provision of antenatal care, counseling about balance diet and provision of iron-folate supplements to all pregnant women through services within villages Referral strategy for safe institutional deliveries through linkages with Public sector health facilities Promotion of breast feeding ensuring three Es including Early initiation inclusive of colostrum, Exclusive breast feeding and Extensive breast feeding for 2 years. Engage the communities in vigorous campaigns to promote breastfeeding at the local level. Prevention of stunting and wasting through promotion of Infant and young child feeding as education of mother on appropriate diet preparation and feeding based on dietary diversity. Promote local dietary recipes through cooking demonstration. Use of Positive Deviation approaches for effective behavior change and correct practices by the mothers Growth monitoring of all children under five years of age quarterly and marked on growth cards for learning of mothers for linear growth follow up of each child Provision of multiple micro-nutrient (MNN) sachet for each child of 6-24 months of age Identification of children with Severely Acute Malnutrition and Moderately Acute Malnutrition and their community based management by provision of Ready to Use Supplementary Food (RUSF --- produced locally as Acha Mum packets by Ismail industries) and Ready to Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF --- provided by Unicef) for period of at least 2 months. Additionally, encouraging mothers to feed home-made meals to the children.

Strategy for Improving Food security at Community and household level

The most energy-dense foods (cereals, oils and fats, sugars) generally had the most stable prices, showing the least inflation. These foods generally have a longer shelf life for storage and transportation. Food security and agriculture policies have emphasized energy-dense foods for the last several decades. The nutrient-dense foods such as legumes, lentils, animal source food, vegetables and fruits tend to be highly perishable, usually available on high cost, mostly not available in poor settings or unaffordable by the poor communities.

Strengthening of Regulation of Legislation on milk substitutes

There is a need to develop or where necessary strengthen legislative, regulatory and/or other effective measures to control the marketing of breast milk substitutes in order to ensure implementation of the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes and relevant resolutions adopted by the Health Assembly.

Food security assurance thru Food Points in rural areas

For food security, increased access to foods of good nutritional quality should be ensured in all local markets at an affordable price all year round, particularly through support to smallholder agriculture and women’s involvement. Food points /enterprises may be developed at villages levels, to ensure the availability of recommended food items at affordable cost. For establishing these food points or enterprises, a grant of 20000/- to community-based health worker may be provided. These workers may be connected to UC level wholesale shop keeper or suppliers. The system should ensure the promotion and availability of micro-nutrient fortified food such as iodized salt, wheat flour with iron, and edible oil with vitamin A &D at affordable prices within communities.In addition, to food enterprises, community cooking sites / spot may be established to prepare the nutrient-dense meals which would be available for malnourished children (at least one meal for a day) at an affordable cost. The recipes are already devised and suggested by the Unicef, Nutrition support program and HANDS PHC program. The major food items for these meals would be based on chickpeas, lentils/ legumes, rice, porridge, dairy products, eggs, edible oil (enriched with Vit A & D), and iodized salt.

Food packaging and Supply system

The food packaging and supplier agency may be formed to establish and ensure the functional food supply chain system. This agency may also play a vital role in managing and controlling the market price of the nutrient-dense and energy-dense foods. The government or concern organizations may play vital role in developing food supply chain system to ensure the availability on affordable cost of nutrient-dense foods in addition to energy-dense foods in the poor settings.

Partnership with Food industry for Ready to Use food

Additionally, strategic partnership may be developed with the food products manufacturing industries. The high energy and nutrient-dense ready to use food items may be produced by these industries on affordable cost for the treatment of acute malnourished children, pregnant and lactating women. Currently cost of treating one malnourished child by giving these ready to use food is ranged from Rs. 5500 to Rs. 10000/=.
Following food products may be produced as per demand:
i. Ready to Use Supplementary Food (RUSF) for Moderately Acute Malnutrition (MAM) Children
ii. Ready to Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF) for Severely Acute Malnutrition (SAM) Children
iii. Ready to Use Supplementary Food for pregnant and lactating women --- Mamtaa
iv. Multiple Micro-nutrient supplement sachet for children
v. Multiple Micro-nutrient supplement tablets for women

District Level Resource Centers

These resource centers may be established to serve the purpose of addressing and improving the food security issues at large scale or district level. These centers should develop strategic partnerships with agriculture institutes for technical support and oversight. These centers may perform the following tasks:
a) Support farmers by providing drought resistant and drought tolerant crops, inputs, and promotion of climate smart agriculture. Specifically, provide drought resistant seed of cereals, fodder, pulses, legumes, vegetables and shrubs plantation.
b) Introduction and up scaling of bio-saline agriculture
c) Capacity building of farmers through Farmers Field Schools (FFS), Junior Farmer Field Schools (JFFS), Farmers Business School (FBS) and Women Open Schools (WoS)
d) Introduction of drought tolerant fruit, fodder and shrubs plantations
e) Soil management through proper fertilization
f) Helping communities in applying No-till/reduced tillage systems
g) Facilitating farmers Usage of crop rotation/cropping systems
h) Strip farming as required centers
i) Establishment of community seed banks

Strategy for Reducing the Burden of Obesity and Non-Communicable Diseases

Information, Education and Communication material development: The information and education material may be used in large scale in printing form and by developing short video sessions based on healthy dietary habits and balance diet.

Halfway Healthy Spaces: The hospitals spaces such as waiting areas and OPD areas may be utilized for conducting these sessions. These may be promoted as halfway health spaces.

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Monday, May 30, 2022

Lupine Publishers|Methodical Bases of Creation of Maps for Determining the Potential Erosion Hazard of Scolon Lands of the SouthEast Part of Azerbaijan

 

  Lupine Publishers | Journal of Health Research and Reviews

Abstract

The article examines the issues soil erosion a risk traditionally rapidly growing with agriculture in tropical and semi-arid regions, which is particularly important for its long-term effects on soil productivity, removing topsoil, than soil formation processes can replace it due to natural, animal and human activities, in the example, excessive grazing, cultivation, deforestation and more mechanical farming and sustainable agriculture. Studied the spatial characteristics of grass and arable land formations, their positive impact on anti-erosion installations research. Developed methodological framework mapping of soils from the threat of erosion.

Keywords: soil Fund stability, the threat potential, formation, arable, sediment yield, etc

Introduction

Figure 1.

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In recent years, the development of agriculture comes increasing, due to the increasing population in various countries. Average annual growth for the last irrigated land of the TWENTIETH centuries was over 3 million hectares. Irrigated area on the globe exceeded 220 million hectares. The total area of the Republic is 8641.5 thousand ha. Of these, 3610thousand hectares, or 43.23% of the soil of the Republic Fund places in one or another degree were subjected to erosion. Here historically formed complexes with environmental problems [1-3]. In the most precarious status of land resources, which almost everywhere in varying degrees subjected to degradation, the intensity of which depending on terrain parameters morphometric climatic and soil-plant conditions, as well as economic activity degree often reach catastrophic proportions. This contributes to the destabilization of the ecological situation in the Republic. [3,4] In Azerbaijan, in addition there is the problem of salinization of soil degradation (Figure 1).

The Republic is described as a land-hungry country, where per capita accounted for 0.2 hectares of arable land. It should also be noted that in Azerbaijan there are also lowland conditions slope crossed conditions, which requires a special approach to technologies and technical means of irrigation. Being a mountainous country, Azerbaijan is characterized by complicated natural conditions cool physiographic areas-greater and Lesser Caucasus, Kura-Arax River lowland and the Talyish mountains, strongly distinguished from each other on geological structure, climate, soil and vegetative cover, terrain slope, which range from 1 to 40 and more Highly developed in the Republic, existing in the nature of almost all types of erosion. Soil erosion is a serious problem throughout the world. Soil erosion is a serious environmental, economic and social challenges; it’s not only lead to land degradation and loss of productivity of soils, but also threatens the stability and health of the Society of universal and sustainable rural development in particular in mountain regions of the Republic (as Shamakhi, Axsu, Ismailia, Gabala, etc.) soil erosion is the removal of topsoil than soil formation processes can replace it due to natural, animal and human activities such as overgrazing, cultivation, deforestation and more mechanical farming [3- 5].

Spatial Characteristics of Herbaceous Formations and Cropland in the Objects of Study

A review of the literature devoted to soil erosion and its prevention in Azerbaijan, confirms the positive impact of antierosion herbaceous formations. A study conducted by us, under the leadership of Prof. BH. Aliyev in Terter PARADISE (2008-2010) and Shamakha OEB Institute erosion and irrigation NANA (2011- 2013) on the effect of vegetation on pastures in the runoff and sediment yield showed significant influence of runoff and sediment yield. Establishment of control factors of vegetation and water on the slopes of the motor way, Shamakhi OEB was the reduction of vegetation water cause erosion to intercept rainfall, increase water infiltration to soil fertility, interception of runoff on the soil level surface and stabilizing soils under coarse ground. [1.3] Analysis of properties of arable land in Axsu district height and slope of the terrain showed that up to 60.0% of their area is located at an altitude of more than 500 m from the sea level. On the basis of landuse maps, it was found that the main plant, grown on arable land in the region, vineyards, orchards, wheat, legumes and forage crops.

It belongs to the Group of plants that have good ohranami properties in relation to soil and besides, rather it tolerates water shortages during the growing season. Cultivation of wheat imports, together with appropriate machinery, should to a large extent, protect arable land in the region from water erosion. The selected for the analysis region of Azerbaijan, located on the Southwestern slopes of the Great Caucasus are three types of herbaceous formations: pastures, Green land -steppe. Their location depends on various factors surrounding the region Wednesday. Placing herbaceous formations, in terms of height and slope, was analyzed within the boundaries of Axsu district. In this area they occupy 24% of the total area, including: grassland-52%, green lands, almost 28% and 20% of the steppe. The most extensive high-altitude pastures have intervals, placed at an altitude of 1400 m above sea level. In high-altitude 600-70 m intervals and 700-800 m number of largest pastures, respectively 19 and 20% of the total area of the territory. Almost 50% of pastures is located on slopes with a gradient 10- 18% (6-100 ), and in the lower grades of slopes-0-6% (up to 30 ) and 6-10% (3-60 ) - 20%.

Pretty much of 7.5% is on the slopes with inclines of up to 27% (150) Green lands are located at an altitude of 1000 m above sea level. Largest area-60%, are at a height from 200 to 50 m above sea level (by 20% in areas of 200-300, 30-400 and 400 and 500 m). More than half of these grassy% 54-formations is located on slopes with a gradient 10-18% (6-100 ) and 22% with a slope of less than 6-10% (3-60 ). Steppe vegetation, often used as winter pastures, is observed in the lower altitudinal zones. In Axsu district, they are below 300 m above sea level. Almost 70% of the footprint is located below 100 meters above sea level and 98% on the gentle territories or lands with a slight slope from 0 to 6% (0-30 ). Areas covered with herbaceous vegetation formations are also dry river valleys [7]. They occupy less than one per cent of the total area to be analyzed. There are up to a height of 400 m above sea level and 95% on flat or gently sloping areas. [1.3.7] The actual problem is erosion caused by caused:

a. mismatch plant species in a mixture of perennial herbal and leguminous plants,

b. too many cattle per hectare of pasture,

c. grazing animals on too steep slopes, especially with southern exposure

d. too early onset of grazing.

Reduction of the intensity of agricultural production and, especially, the intensity of grazing animals, as well as adaptation to the conditions of grazing techniques habitats above the grassy formations will strengthen their anti-erosion value.

Methodological Framework Mapping of Soils from the Threat of Erosion

Map of the threat from surface water erosion was established on the basis of: slope, soil maps and maps of land use map slopes received as a derivative of the layer digital elevation model (SRTM 90 WGS 1984), and then the retrofit to the erosion model in their class bias. Soil map was vectorization and editorial processing. The primary material was scanned map with an average magnitude of rectified lined topographic maps (1:100 000) and classified in 5 groups of sustainability the soil leachate may run off. Land use map was also based on scanned maps vectorization Land Cover Classificationtion System-FAO [1:50 000 scale 3.5].Based on the results of the research, the following erosion and patent risk maps of the Axsu and eastern parts of the Ismayilla region created based on GIS technology, respectively, were compiled. see (Figure 2 & Figure 3) Maps a threat from erosion (potential and actual) was established on the basis of Polish methodology, given the natural conditions Azerbaijan and list of legends to soil the soil map of Azerbaijan. Map of the actual threat from erosion was established way of reduction of degrees of potential danger from erosion, with accounts of the main land use categories (forests, permanent grassland, degree and arable land). For forest land and permanent grassland, which possess a very considerable degree of functions anti erosion erosion threat reduction was at 3 units. For the steppes on the reduction unit 2 was adopted, while agricultural areas only 1 unit (Table 1). [2,3] the large change in average annual rainfall amounts Axsu area was a partition into two geographical parts: dolinnuju (South), where the average annual rainfall is within 300- 800 mm, as well as mountain-precipitation is higher 800 mm.

Table 1: Criteria for identifying threats from potential and actual surface water erosion.

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Figure 2: Maps of erosion hazard of the Akshu district created using GIS.

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Figure 3: Maps of the potential erosion hazard in the eastern part of the Ishmailli region district created using GIS.

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In the example of Ismailia district, because of its typical hilly topography, to map the potential erosion were accepted criteria relating to mountain territories. Data on mean annual precipitation were obtained from Atlas of Azerbaijan Republic for the year 2007. [1, 3, 7] Analysis of the threat from erosion for Agsu district showed a strong effect of land use on reduction of erosion. This is the greatest mountain refers to the territories in which the significant reduction of all degrees of erosion threat, sparked the growth of the territory, not exposed erosion, more than 81% (Table 3). In the area of lowlands erosion reduction is primarily concerned with 2, 3, 4, and 5 degrees. Area, subject to erosion threat 2 degrees was reduced from 5516 HA to 412 hectares. Territory subject to erosion threat 3 and 4 degrees, only 96 ha, and 5 degrees was reduction to 0. A higher percentage of territories with 1 degree of threat from erosion in the mountainous part of the region is associated with the presence of a small amount of forests and large crops of wheat (Table 2). [1,2,6]. Residents of the area placed in regions with a significant incline of the ground, which increases the percentage of the highest degree of potential danger from erosion. Almost 48% of the analyzed of Ismailia district is threatened by erosion, 3.4 and 5 degrees (Table 3).

Table 2: The extent of the threat from surface water erosion Valley part of Agsu district.

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Table 3: The extent of the threat from surface water erosion the mountain part of Axsu district.

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Conclusion

A very big impact on the reduction of the intensity of surface water erosion raises some concerns about the sustainability of the advanced technologies used in the work methodology for the study area. In this regard, it would seem appropriate for field verification data, taking into account the impact of land use on washing away topsoil. Another issue not related to the influence of surface water erosion, is the development of the territory of landslides. They create a large loss for Azerbaijan’s infrastructure and may be subject to further study, including the modelling [8].

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Saturday, April 30, 2022

Lupine Publishers|Pediatric Bipolar Disorder: Diagnosis and Management

 

  Lupine Publishers | Journal of Health Research and Reviews


Introduction

Bipolar disorder in children and adolescents is characterized by recurrent episodes of elevated mood (mania or hypomania) that exceed what is expected for the child’s developmental stage and are not better accounted by other psychiatric and medical conditions. In addition, youth with bipolar disorder usually have recurrent episodes of major depression [1-3]. Identification of the illness and initiation of treatment occurs, on average, 10 years after its manifestation [4]. that is a grave problem that could be avoided if pediatricians become more aware of the warning signs of mental illness in children, to help us treat the problem early on. It’s absolutely necessary to obtain a good history from parents and caregivers, to help diagnose the child and help decide on the appropriate line of management. The child will also need proper education about his condition in a way that is easy to understand for their age. The following symptoms are suspicious of pediatric bipolar disorder:

a) Decreased need for sleep for a long period of time.

b) Increased activity, beyond what is expected for the developmental age of the child.

c) Inappropriate sexual behaviors, that occur without a history of exposure to sexual activity (eg. Abuse or videos).

d) Psychosis (eg, hallucinations and/or delusions) may be present.

Assessment

We use structured and semi-structured interviews and rating scales; as well as careful examination and observation of the child in more than one setting, after obtaining a detailed history.

Diagnosis

We use the criteria in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) [5].

Mania

a) Grandiosity

b) Decreased need for sleep

c) More talkative than usual

d) Flights of ideas

e) Distractibility

f) Increase in goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation

g) Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities (eg, shopping or sexual indiscretions)

Depression

a) Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day (dysphoria).

b) Diminished pleasure in nearly all daily activities (anhedonia).

c) Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day.

d) Psychomotor agitation or retardation.

e) Fatigue nearly every day.

f) Inappropriate guilt nearly every day.

g) Diminished ability to think nearly every day.

h) Recurrent thoughts of death or suicidal ideations, or suicidal attempts.

Episodes of mania, hypomania and major depression can be accompanied by symptoms of the opposite polarity and are referred to as mood episodes with mixed features.

Differential Diagnosis

The main psychiatric conditions that can be difficult to differentiate from bipolar disorder in youth are:

a) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

b) Autism spectrum disorder.

c) Conduct disorder.

d) Disruptive mood dysregulation (DMDD).

e) Oppositional defiant disorder.

f) Schizophrenia.

g) Substance use disorder.

h) Unipolar depression.

The diagnosis of bipolar disorder in youth can be complex as bipolar disorder id often accompanied by comorbid disorder. The management of bipolar disorder involves:

a) Pharmacotherapy.

b) Psychotherapy.

c) Brain Synchronization Therapy (if indicated).

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Lupine Publishers: Lupine Publishers| A Standard Pediatric Dental Clinic

Lupine Publishers: Lupine Publishers| A Standard Pediatric Dental Clinic :  Lupine Publishers| Journal of Dentistry and Oral Health Care Aft...