Diabetes Mellitus: A Multifactor Approach by Amanda Caroline Cardoso Corrêa Carlos Menezes in Research and Reviews on Healthcare: Open Access Journal (RRHOAJ)- Lupine Publishers
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic non-communicable diseasecharacterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to an impaired glucose
metabolism [1-3]. It can occur by an autoimmune process in which
there is destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas, leading to
deficiency of insulin secretion characterizing the DM type I, which
affects children and adolescents, may be due to a combination of
insulin resistance and the inadequate compensatory response to insulin secretion, predominant in the DM type II, affecting adults
, when glucose intolerance occurs during the second or third
trimester of gestation, it is characterized gestational DM (GDM),
and other types of diabetes are reported in the literature, such
as those caused by genetic defects of beta cell function, disorders
genetics in the action of insulin, exocrine pancreatic diseases,
endocrinopathies, drug induced or other age chemical infections,
viral infections, unusual immunological forms, and genetic
syndromes associated with diabetes [4,5]. In 2013, according to the IDF (International Diabetes Federation), 328
million people with diabetes have been registered worldwide. It is
expected a significant increase of 60% in Central and South America,
leading to an incidence of 592 million by the end of 2035 [5]. DM is the
sixth leading cause of death in adults in the United States. This
chronic disease affects 8.3% of the population, or about 25.8 million
people in the.com. Among adults over 65 years old, 10.9 million are affected, which
represents 26.9% of this age group. The prevalence of DM is higher in
people over 65 years of age, however, have already shown a larger
increase in the last decade in younger adults and is increasing due to
among other reasons, to changes in diet , aging, urbanization, by the increase of the prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity [6]. DM is
accompanied by several complications such as ischemic heart disease,
heart failure, stroke and arterial hypertension.
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