Circadian Disruption, Sleep Loss, and Low-Grade Inflammation by Rüdiger Hardeland in Research and Reviews on Healthcare Open Access Journal (RRHOAJ)- Lupine Publishers
Circadian rhythmicity is a fundamental property of the
majority of organisms, including bacteria, unicellular eukaryotes,
fungi, plants and animals. It is generated by cellular oscillators
and may have evolved to cope with adverse phases in the cycle
of a day that bear the risk of damage by radiation and reactivemetabolites, such as free radicals. In a complex organism like the
human, the circadian system is composed of numerous, internally
communicating, oscillators including a coordinating master clock,
the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) [1]. It provides a program for
structuring countless physiological functions in a sophisticated
temporal pattern that optimizes the alignment of processes and
also the anticipation of regularly expectable changes, such as an
approaching time of arousal and locomotor activity, of food intake
and even social interactions. Sleep is one of the functions that are controlled by the circadian
system, in addition to the homeostatic drive to sleep and immunological influences. The benefits of sleep concern recovery, but additionally
other processes such as memory consolidation take place in specific
sleep phases [2]. Shift work and on-call duties during night are
necessities in our modern world. Many scientists also know what it means
to conduct an experiment that lasts for, e.g., 35 hours, without any
chance to sleep in between. The consequence to the body is, however, not
just subsequent fatigue, but also a disturbance of the finely tuned
physiological rhythms.
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